Ilera, Oogun
AB0 eto ati ilẹ-iní ẹjẹ awọn ẹgbẹ ninu eda eniyan
Ti o ni ašoju ẹjẹ ẹgbẹ, o yẹ ki o mọ!
Antigens ẹjẹ eto
The antigenic be ti awọn eniyan ara jẹ lalailopinpin eka. Nikan ẹjẹ igbalode Imọ ti se awari nipa ẹdẹgbẹta antigens, ìṣọkan ni 40 antigenic ọna šiše: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis et al.
Kọọkan ninu awọn wọnyi awọn ọna šiše antigens ti wa ni atilẹba ohun jogun ati ti yipada allelic Jiini. Fun ayedero, ti won ti wa ni pin si pilasima ati cellular. Fun Hematology ati ẹjẹ Transfusion diẹ significant ni cell antigens (erythromycin, adeepa-ẹjẹ ati leukocyte), nitori won ni o immunogenicity (agbara lati jeki ohun ma esi), ati nitorina ni ibamu pẹlu awọn transfusion ti ẹjẹ cell antigens ti awọn ewu ti hematogenous mọnamọna tabi DIC pẹlu buburu. Ẹjẹ antigens ni meji akọkọ awọn ẹya ara: ohun antigenic determinant, ti npinnu awọn immunogenicity ti awọn hapten, ati "weighting" antijeni ati asọye serological-ṣiṣe.
Ni igba akọkọ ti apa jẹ nyara kan pato fun kọọkan antijeni, ati nitori iyato wọn lati kọọkan miiran. Bayi, awọn eto seyato 0 AB0 antijeni fucose antijeni A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin ati antijeni B - galactose. Awọn wọnyi ni ifọwọsọya ti wa ni so, ati inu ara ninu idagbasoke ti ma Esi. Awọn wọnyi ni antigens ti wa ni ya sinu iroyin nigba ti ẹjẹ transfusion, bi daradara bi nigba ti kika awọn ti ṣee ṣe ogún ti ẹjẹ awọn ẹgbẹ.
AB0 eto ati awọn oniwe-iní
ati agglutinogens (erythrocyte gulu okunfa - A ati B) - Ni sibẹsibẹ 1901 godu oludoti o lagbara agglutinate erythrocytes si kọọkan miiran, eyi ti o wa ni a npe agglutinins (α ati β agglutination pilasima okunfa) ti a ti ri ni eda eniyan ẹjẹ.
| ẹjẹ Ẹgbẹ | baba | |||||
| iya | Mo (00) | II (A0) | II (AA) | III (B0) | III (BB) | IV (AB) |
| Mo (00) | 00 - 100% | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | A0 - 100% | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | B0 - 100% | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% |
| II (A0) | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 50% AA - 25% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% |
| II (AA) | A0 - 100% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | AA - 100% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | AB - 100% | AA - 50% AB - 50% |
| III (B0) | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% B0 - 50% BB - 25% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% |
| III (BB) | B0 - 100% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AB - 100% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | BB - 100% | AB - 50% BB - 50% |
| IV (AB) | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AA - 50% AB - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% BB - 50% | AA - 25% BB - 25% AB - 50% |
Ko kere pataki lati mọ iru ati RH ifosiwewe, nitori ti o jẹ tun pataki fun ibamu ti ẹjẹ awọn ẹgbẹ ni transfusion. Bayi, RH-rere ẹjẹ (RH +) jẹ ṣee ṣe lati transfuse a alaisan pẹlu RH-odi (Rh-) ẹjẹ ni ẹẹkan fun awọn aye ati ni awọn iwọn igba, niwon akọkọ transfusion yoo se agbekale RH inu ara, eyi ti o ti wa ni mu ṣiṣẹ ni a keji transfusion (ati awọn olugba ni ewu lati kú nipa ẹjẹ transfusion mọnamọna). Kanna kan ati ki o rhesus rogbodiyan pẹlu awọn ero inu oyun pẹlu RH-rere ẹjẹ RH + Rh- iya ati baba, ki o jẹ pataki lati ṣe iṣiro ilẹ-iní awọn ẹjẹ ẹgbẹ ti awọn ọmọ.
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